絲杠與光杠的區別

The difference between lead screw and light screw

　　絲杠與光杠：用以聯接進給箱與溜板箱，并把進給箱的運動和動力傳給溜板箱，使溜板箱獲得縱向直線運動。絲杠是專門用來車削各種螺紋而設置的，在進行工件的其他表面車削時，只用光杠，不用絲杠。同學們要結合溜板箱的內容區分光杠與絲杠的區別。

Screw and light screw: used to connect the feed box and the slide box, and transmit the motion and power of the feed box to the slide box, so that the slide box can achieve longitudinal linear motion. The lead screw is specifically designed for turning various threads. When turning other surfaces of workpieces, only the bare screw is used, not the lead screw. Students need to differentiate between light screws and lead screws based on the content of the slide box.

　　溜板箱：是車床進給運動的操縱箱，內裝有將光杠和絲杠的旋轉運動變成刀架直線運動的機構，通過光杠傳動實現刀架的縱向進給運動、橫向進給運動和快速移動，通過絲杠帶動刀架作縱向直線運動，以便車削螺紋。

Slide box: It is a control box for the feed motion of the lathe, which is equipped with a mechanism to convert the rotational motion of the light screw and the lead screw into the linear motion of the tool holder. The longitudinal feed motion, transverse feed motion, and rapid movement of the tool holder are achieved through the light screw transmission. The lead screw drives the tool holder to perform longitudinal linear motion for turning threads.

　　主要組成部件有：主軸箱、交換齒輪箱、進給箱、溜板箱、刀架、尾架、光杠、絲杠、床身、床腳和冷卻裝置。1797年，英國機械發明家莫茲利創制了用絲杠傳動刀架的現代車床，并于1800年采用交換齒輪，可改變進給速度和被加工螺紋的螺距。1817年，另一位英國人羅伯茨采用了四級帶輪和背輪機構來改變主軸轉速。

The main components include: spindle box, exchange gearbox, feed box, slide box, tool holder, tailstock, light screw, lead screw, bed body, bed foot, and cooling device. In 1797, British mechanical inventor Mozley created a modern lathe with a screw driven tool holder, and in 1800, it adopted an exchange gear that could change the feed rate and the pitch of the processed threads. In 1817, another British man, Roberts, adopted a four stage pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed.

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